RAID磁盘阵列

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实验环境

实验一.磁盘阵列RAID10

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mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde  #代码解释 -C创建磁盘阵列 v显示过程 -a yes 自动创建设备文件 -n 设备数量 -l RAID级别

格式化磁盘阵列为ext4格式

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mkfs.ext4 /dev/md

#创建挂载点挂载磁盘阵列

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mkdir /RAID
mount /dev/md0 /RAID

#查看磁盘阵列详细信息

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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Wed Dec 26 03:22:26 2018
     Raid Level : raid10
     Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Wed Dec 26 03:28:49 2018
          State : active 
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : near=2
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 0b9f3d0a:8b626b8e:131f0128:1fa28ac3
         Events : 18

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       16        0      active sync set-A   /dev/sdb
       1       8       32        1      active sync set-B   /dev/sdc
       2       8       48        2      active sync set-A   /dev/sdd
       3       8       64        3      active sync set-B   /dev/sde

#写入fstab文件使其永久生效

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echo "/dev/md0 /RAID ext4 defaults 0 0">> /etc/fstab

损坏磁盘阵列修复（假设/dev/sde硬盘出现故障）

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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sde      #移除故障硬盘
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sde from /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Wed Dec 26 03:22:26 2018
     Raid Level : raid10
     Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 3
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Wed Dec 26 03:36:44 2018
          State : clean, degraded 
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : near=2
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 0b9f3d0a:8b626b8e:131f0128:1fa28ac3
         Events : 20

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       16        0      active sync set-A   /dev/sdb
       1       8       32        1      active sync set-B   /dev/sdc
       2       8       48        2      active sync set-A   /dev/sdd
       6       0        0        6      removed

#更换新硬盘

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umount /RAID
mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sde
mount /dev/md0 /RAID

实验二.创建RAID5+备份盘

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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md1 -n 3 -l 5 -x 1 /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh /dev/sdi # -x 1表示只有一块备份盘 其中/dev/sdi为备份盘
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 20955136K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.

#将磁盘阵列格式化为ext4格式并挂载

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mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
mkdir /RAID5
mount /dev/md1 /RAID5

#测试磁盘阵列

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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1  
/dev/md1:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Wed Dec 26 03:47:57 2018
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Wed Dec 26 03:58:57 2018
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 4928d578:315c0579:7e5898c7:0ef21763
         Events : 18

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       80        0      active sync   /dev/sdf
       1       8       96        1      active sync   /dev/sdg
       4       8      112        2      active sync   /dev/sdh

       3       8      128        -      spare   /dev/sdi

模拟/dev/sdh硬盘出现故障

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mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdh

查看磁盘阵列信息

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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Wed Dec 26 03:47:57 2018
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 41910272 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 20955136 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Wed Dec 26 04:04:48 2018
          State : clean, degraded, recovering 
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 1
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

 Rebuild Status : 74% complete

           Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 4928d578:315c0579:7e5898c7:0ef21763
         Events : 31

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       80        0      active sync   /dev/sdf
       1       8       96        1      active sync   /dev/sdg
       3       8      128        2      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdi

       4       8      112        -      faulty   /dev/sdh